Retraction

Retraction (Withdrawal) of Articles
Retraction (withdrawal) of an article is an official notification by the Editorial Office to readers that a published material contains serious violations of research or publication ethics, or significant errors that render the study’s conclusions unreliable. When an article is retracted, it is not removed from the Journal’s archive, but in both the electronic and printed versions it is clearly marked as “Retracted”, with an indication of the reasons.

Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to:
– detected plagiarism, unethical borrowing, or duplicate publication;
– fabrication or falsification of data;
– major methodological or factual errors that radically change the interpretation of the results;
– violation of the rights of third parties (including copyright and related rights);
– concealment of a significant conflict of interest;
– other serious violations of publication ethics identified by the Editorial Office or confirmed by external experts.

Retraction may be initiated by the author(s), readers, reviewers, editors, or representatives of organizations involved in the research. A request for retraction must be accompanied by a justification and documentary evidence.

Upon receiving a retraction request, the Editorial Board conducts an internal review, may involve independent experts if necessary, and requests explanations from the authors. Following the review, the Editorial Board makes one of the following decisions:
– to publish a correction if the deficiencies can be eliminated without retracting the article;
– to retract the article and publish an official retraction notice;
– to decline retraction if sufficient grounds are not established.

In the event of retraction, the Journal’s electronic archive and article metadata are updated with a “Retracted” label, and a separate retraction notice is published, describing the reasons for retraction and providing a link to the original article. The full text of the article remains accessible for the purposes of scholarly transparency and integrity but is accompanied by a clear indication of its unreliability.

The Journal’s retraction policy is based on the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and is aimed at maintaining a high level of trust in the materials published in the Journal and at protecting the integrity of scholarly knowledge.