TRANSFORMING FAMILY VALUES IN THE PROCESS OF MODERNIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF KAZAKH FAMILIES IN TURKESTAN REGION

Abstract

This study examines the impact of modernization on family values in Kazakhstan, focusing on Kazakh families in the Turkestan Region as a case study. Beyond economic and technological changes, modernization fundamentally transforms the structure of social institutions and the value systems of individuals. Against this background, the main aim of the study is to identify how modernization has reshaped the values of the traditional Kazakh family. The theoretical framework draws on Talcott Parsons’ structural-functionalism, Alex Inkeles’ modernization indicators, and contemporary theories of individualization. The study is based on empirical field research conducted among Kazakh families in the Turkestan Region. Quantitative data were collected from 584 respondents selected through a stratified sampling method, while qualitative data were obtained from 20 in-depth interviews. The findings reveal the emergence of a “dual structure” in family values. On the one hand, traditional values such as family unity, respect, and intergenerational solidarity remain strong. On the other hand, modern orientations -particularly individual freedom, gender equality, and joint decision-making- are increasingly prominent, especially among younger generations. Women’s educational attainment and urbanization are identified as key factors driving the spread of modern family values. The study demonstrates that modernization does not lead to the erosion of traditional family values but rather to a process of selective adaptation and hybridization. These findings provide important insights for the development of family policies and the sustainability of intergenerational value transmission in Kazakhstan.